Background Reliability of measurements is a prerequisite of medical research. For nominal
data, Fleiss' kappa (in the following labelled as Fleiss' K) and Krippendorff's alpha provide …

Importance Self-testing for HIV infection may contribute to early diagnosis of HIV, but without
necessarily increasing antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Objective To investigate …

Background HIV self-testing (HIVST) has been found to be highly effective, but no cost
analysis has been undertaken to guide the design of affordable and scalable …

Community-based active case finding (ACF) for tuberculosis (TB) involves an offer of
screening to populations at risk of TB, oftentimes with additional health promotion …

Background Tuberculosis case-finding interventions are critical to meeting World Health
Organization End TB strategy goals. We investigated the impact of community-wide …

Background Household contact tracing provides TB screening and TB preventive therapy
(TPT) to contacts at high risk of TB disease. However, it is resource intensive, inconvenient …

Background Tanzania is among the 30 countries with the highest tuberculosis (TB) burdens.
Because TB has a long infectious period, early diagnosis is not only important for reducing …

Active case-finding (ACF) for tuberculosis can help find the “missing millions” with
undiagnosed tuberculosis. In a cluster-randomised trial, we investigated impact of ACF on …

Invasive Salmonella diseases, both typhoid and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS),
are seasonal bloodstream infections causing important morbidity and mortality globally in …

With the improvement and development of intelligent robot technology, such technology is
gradually used to improve the intelligence of national sports fitness. The study aims to …