Understanding the causes of recent climatic trends and variability in the high-latitude
Southern Hemisphere is hampered by a short instrumental record. Here, we analyse recent …

Abstract Since the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment
Report, new observations of ice-sheet mass balance and improved computer simulations of …

Abstract The Paris Agreement aims to limit global mean warming in the twenty-first century to
less than 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels, and to promote further efforts to limit …

Ice flow models of the Antarctic ice sheet are commonly used to simulate its future evolution
in response to different climate scenarios and inform on the mass loss that would contribute …

Ice discharge from large ice sheets plays a direct role in determining rates of sea-level rise.
We map present-day Antarctic-wide surface velocities using Landsat 7 and 8 imagery …

Robust appraisals of climate impacts at different levels of global-mean temperature increase
are vital to guide assessments of dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate …

Sea‐level rise due to both climate change and non‐climatic factors threatens coastal
settlements, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Projections of mean global sea‐level (GSL) rise …

Atmospheric warming is projected to increase global mean surface temperatures by 0.3 to
4.8 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial values by the end of this century. If anthropogenic …

Floating ice shelves, which fringe most of Antarctica's coastline, regulate ice flow into the
Southern Ocean,–. Their thinning,,–or disintegration, can cause upstream acceleration of …

This chapter considers changes in global mean sea level, regional sea level, sea level
extremes, and waves. Confidence in projections of global mean sea level rise has increased …