Automated retinal image analysis holds prime significance in the accurate diagnosis of
various critical eye diseases that include diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular …

The common image related artifacts during image acquisition are noise caused due to
external interference and imbalance in illumination. Uneven illumination correction …

Image enhancement is a fundamental step and plays an important role in image processing,
pattern recognition, and computer vision. Image enhancement can sharpen the edges of …

Problem Low-quality fundus images with complex degredation can cause costly re-
examinations of patients or inaccurate clinical diagnosis. Aim This study aims to create an …

Illumination normalization and contrast variation on images are one of the most challenging
tasks in the image processing field. Normally, the degrade contrast images are caused by …

Assessment of retinal vessels is fundamental for the diagnosis of many disorders such as
heart diseases, diabetes and hypertension. The imaging of retina using advanced fundus …

Background Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss is one of the earliest and most important
cellular changes in glaucoma. The DARC (Detection of Apoptosing Retinal Cells) …

The digital retinal camera produces a high quality colour digital image and instantly displays
it on a large, high resolution monitor but the light reflected by the retinal surface produce a …

Background. In a pathological examination of pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic
head adenocarcinoma, a resection margin without cancer cells in 1 mm is recognized as R0; …

Retinal fundus image is important for the ophthalmologist to identify and detect many vision-
related diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension. From an acquisition process, retinal …