Terrestrial plant biomarkers and their carbon isotopes provide insights into carbon cycling,
paleovegetation and paleoclimate, ranging in scale from local to global. Over the past …

Molecular organic geochemical proxies are increasingly being utilized to reconstruct past
environmental conditions as new tools continue to be discovered and developed. To date …

Changes in the strength and position of Southern Hemisphere westerly winds during the
Last Glacial cycle have been invoked to explain both millennial and glacial–interglacial …

Although detailed age models exist for some marine sediment records of the last glacial
cycle (0–150 ka), age models for many cores rely on the stratigraphic correlation of benthic …

From the deglacial period to the mid-Holocene, North Africa was characterized by much
wetter conditions than today. The broad timing of this period, termed the African Humid …

Carbon is one of the key elements in organisms and non-living compounds on Earth.
Carbon dioxide and methane are important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, dissolved …

The intertropical convergence zone is a near-equatorial band of intense rainfall and
convection. Over the modern Atlantic Ocean, its annual average position is approximately 5° …

Trees and shrubs in tropical Africa use the C 3 cycle as a carbon fixation pathway during
photosynthesis, while grasses and sedges mostly use the C 4 cycle. Leaf-wax lipids from …

Abstract The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) is a major global climatic phenomenon. Long-
term precipitation proxy records of the ISM, however, are often fragmented and …

The African continent is characterised by a wide range of hydroclimate regimes, ranging
from humid equatorial West Africa to the arid deserts in the northern and southern …