Autophagy is a core molecular pathway for the preservation of cellular and organismal
homeostasis. Pharmacological and genetic interventions impairing autophagy responses …

Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent, self-renewal mechanism that can degrade and recycle
cellular components in eukaryotic cells to maintain the stability of the intracellular …

Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and for cells to adapt to
nutrient deficiency, and nutrient sensors regulating autophagy have been reported …

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide triggers human caspase-4 (murine caspase-11) to cleave
gasdermin-D and induce pyroptotic cell death. How lipopolysaccharide sequestered in the …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a life‐threatening illness characterized by mood
changes and high rates of suicide. Although the role of neuroinflammation in MMD has been …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a member of the MAPK
kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family and has been implicated in the regulation of a wide range of …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is not only responsible for protein synthesis and folding but
also plays a critical role in sensing cellular stress and maintaining cellular homeostasis …

The production of pore-forming toxins that disrupt the plasma membrane of host cells is a
common virulence strategy for bacterial pathogens such as methicillin-resistant …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evades most innate
immune responses but may still be vulnerable to some. Here, we systematically analyze the …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …