This Review focuses on whether the emerging industry of deep-seabed mining aligns with
the sustainable development agenda. We cover motivations for deep-seabed mining …

The deep ocean below 200 m water depth is the least observed, but largest habitat on our
planet by volume and area. Over 150 years of exploration has revealed that this dynamic …

A comprehensive understanding of the deep-sea environment and mining's likely impacts is
necessary to assess whether and under what conditions deep-seabed mining operations …

Commercial-scale mining for polymetallic nodules could have a major impact on the deep-
sea environment, but the effects of these mining activities on deep-sea ecosystems are very …

Increasing interest in deep-seabed mining has raised many questions surrounding its
potential environmental impacts and how to assess the impacts' significance. Under the …

The deep sea encompasses the largest ecosystems on Earth. Although poorly known, deep
seafloor ecosystems provide services that are vitally important to the entire ocean and …

The global surge in demand for metals such as cobalt and nickel has created
unprecedented interest in deep-sea habitats with mineral resources. The largest area of …

Deep-sea mining is likely to result in biodiversity loss, and the significance of this to
ecosystem function is not known.“Out of kind” biodiversity offsets substituting one ecosystem …

This paper recommends best practice for the use of open nomenclature (ON) signs
applicable to image-based faunal analyses. It is one of numerous initiatives to improve …

Scientific misconceptions are likely leading to miscalculations of the environmental impacts
of deep-seabed mining. These result from underestimating mining footprints relative to …