Despite decades of bile acid research, diverse biological roles for bile acids have been
discovered recently due to developments in understanding the human microbiota. As …

This clinical practice guideline is a focused update on management of Clostridioides difficile
infection (CDI) in adults specifically addressing the use of fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab for …

Background Current therapies for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection do not address
the disrupted microbiome, which supports C. difficile spore germination into toxin-producing …

Abstract Scope In 2009, the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious
Diseases (ESCMID) published the first treatment guidance document for Clostridioides …

The introduction and broad use of new immunosuppressive agents, including biologic
agents and JAK inhibitors, have revolutionised treatment of inflammatory bowel disease …

Carbohydrates are fundamental molecules involved in nearly all aspects of lives, such as
being involved in formating the genetic and energy materials, supporting the structure of …

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus, which
is widely distributed in the intestinal tract of humans and animals and in the environment. In …

Importance The effect of rationally defined nonpathogenic, nontoxigenic, commensal strains
of Clostridia on prevention ofClostridioides difficileinfection (CDI) is unknown. Objective To …

Importance A safe and effective treatment for recurrentClostridioides difficileinfection (CDI) is
urgently needed. Antibiotics kill toxin-producing bacteria but do not repair the disrupted …

1.2. Definitions Ulcerative colitis [UC] is a chronic inflammatory condition that causes
continuous mucosal inflammation of the colon, usually without granulomas on biopsy. It …