Eukaryotic proteasomes have three different types of active sites: two chymotrypsin‐like, two
trypsin‐like, and two caspase‐like (also termed PGPH) sites that differ in their specificity …

The heart is constantly under stress and cardiomyocytes face enormous challenges to
correctly fold nascent polypeptides and keep mature proteins from denaturing. To meet the …

The proteasome is the major protein degradation system within the cell, comprised of
different proteolytic subunits; amyloid-β is thought to impair its activity in Alzheimer's …

Proteasomal dysfunction may play a role in neurodegenerative conditions and protein
aggregation. Overexpression in neuronal cells of α-synuclein, a molecule linked to …

Neuronal cells depend on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for most of their energy
needs and therefore are at a particular risk for oxidative stress. Mitochondria play an …

The longest-lived rodent, the naked mole-rat (Bathyergidae; Heterocephalus glaber),
maintains robust health for at least 75% of its 32 year lifespan, suggesting that the decline in …

Patients with sepsis in the ICU (intensive care unit) are characterized by skeletal muscle
wasting. This leads to muscle dysfunction that also influences the respiratory capacity …

Proteasomes are large macromolecular complexes with multiple distinct catalytic activities
that are each vital to human brain health and disease. Despite their importance …

The lipid and metabolic disturbances associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
protease inhibitor therapy in AIDS have stimulated interest in developing new agents that …

Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that has been associated with male
reproductive toxicity in both humans and animal models. The underlying mechanism of this …