Obesity is a complex, chronic disease and global public health challenge. Characterized by
excessive fat accumulation in the body, obesity sharply increases the risk of several …

The brain requires a continuous supply of energy in the form of ATP, most of which is
produced from glucose by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, complemented by …

The central nervous system (CNS) receives information from afferent neurons, circulating
hormones, and absorbed nutrients and integrates this information to orchestrate the actions …

Background Over the past 20 years, insights from human and mouse genetics have
illuminated the central role of the brain leptin-melanocortin pathway in the control of …

Obesity is a major health crisis affecting over a third of the global population. This
multifactorial disease is regulated via interoceptive neural circuits in the brain, whose …

Protein phosphatases act as key regulators of multiple important cellular processes and are
attractive therapeutic targets for various diseases. Although extensive effort has been …

Background The brain was once thought of as an insulin-insensitive organ. We now know
that the insulin receptor is present throughout the brain and serves important functions in …

Hypothalamic AgRP and POMC neurons are conventionally viewed as the yin and yang of
the body's energy status, since they act in an opposite manner to modulate appetite and …

Insulin acts on the CNS to modulate behaviour and systemic metabolism. Disturbances in
brain insulin action represent a possible link between metabolic and cognitive health …

The initial discovery that ob/ob mice become obese because of a recessive mutation of the
leptin gene has been crucial to discover the melanocortin pathway to control appetite. In the …