Biological organisms learn from interactions with their environment throughout their lifetime.
For artificial systems to successfully act and adapt in the real world, it is desirable to similarly …

The striatal and pallidal complexes are basal ganglia structures that orchestrate learning
and execution of flexible behavior. Models of how the basal ganglia subserve these …

Egyptian hieroglyphs, Chinese scrolls, and Ayurvedic literature record physicians
administering aromatic oils to their patients. Today society looks to science to document …

Uncertainty in various forms plagues our interactions with the environment. In a Bayesian
statistical framework, optimal inference and prediction, based on unreliable observations in …

Dreams are a remarkable experiment in psychology and neuroscience, conducted every
night in every sleeping person. They show that the human brain, disconnected from the …

The present study used pleasant and unpleasant music to evoke emotion and functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine neural correlates of emotion processing …

Neuromodulatory systems, including the noradrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and
cholinergic systems, track environmental signals, such as risks, rewards, novelty, effort, and …

Background Depression is characterised partly by blunted reactions to reward. However,
tasks probing this deficiency have not distinguished insensitivity to reward from insensitivity …

Mind how you go: The current strategies for the development of therapies for Alzheimer's
disease are very diverse. Particular attention is given to the search for inhibitors (see picture …

Based on recent molecular genetics, as well as functional and quantitative anatomical
studies, the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic projections, once viewed as a diffuse system …