Osteoarthritis comprises several joint disorders characterized by articular cartilage
degeneration and persistent pain, causing disability and economic burden. The incidence of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are essential for transmission of cell
signals and other physiological functions. However, excessive amounts of ROS can cause …

Bone remodeling is a continuous process that maintains the homeostasis of the skeletal
system, and it depends on the homeostasis between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone …

With increasing life expectations, more and more patients suffer from fractures either
induced by intensive sports or other bone-related diseases. The balance between …

Bone remodeling is the continual process to renew the adult skeleton through the sequential
action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Nuclear factor RANK, an osteoclast receptor, and its …

An expanding body of research asserts that the gut microbiota has a role in bone
metabolism and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. This review considers the human gut …

Self-maintaining resident macrophages populate all mammalian organs. In addition to their
role as immune sentinels, macrophages perform day-to-day functions essential to tissue …

Diabetes compromises bone cell metabolism and function, resulting in increased risk of
fragility fracture. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) interact with the receptor for AGEs …

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a desirable alternative to conventional biomedical metals
for orthopedic implants due to the excellent mechanical properties. However, the inherent …

Aging is a biological feature that is characterized by gradual degeneration of function in
cells, tissues, organs, or an intact organism due to the accumulation of environmental factors …