The Argo Program has been implemented and sustained for almost two decades, as a
global array of about 4000 profiling floats. Argo provides continuous observations of ocean …

Human-induced atmospheric composition changes cause a radiative imbalance at the top of
the atmosphere which is driving global warming. This Earth energy imbalance (EEI) is the …

Argo, an international, global observational array of nearly 4,000 autonomous robotic
profiling floats, each measuring ocean temperature and salinity from 0 to 2,000 m on …

Ocean reanalyses combine ocean models, atmospheric forcing fluxes, and observations
using data assimilation to give a four-dimensional description of the ocean. Metrics …

The space-time reconstruction of sea surface dynamics from satellite observations is a
challenging inverse problem due to the associated irregular sampling. Satellite altimetry …

There is a growing need for operational oceanographic predictions in both the Arctic and
Antarctic polar regions. In the former, this is driven by a declining ice cover accompanied by …

This paper reviews the design of the Tropical Pacific Observing System (TPOS) and its
governance and takes a forward look at prospective change. The initial findings of the TPOS …

Operational oceanography can be described as the provision of routine oceanographic
information needed for decision-making purposes. It is dependent upon sustained research …

A set of observing system simulation experiments was performed. This assessed the impact
on global ocean biogeochemical reanalyses of assimilating chlorophyll from remotely …

Over the past decade, measurements from the climate-oriented ocean observing system
have been key to advancing the understanding of extreme weather events that originate and …