Macrophages are important players in the fight against viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic
infections. From a resting state they may undertake two activation pathways, the classical …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been implicated in the
pathology of numerous diseases involving diabetes, stroke, cancer, or obesity. It is …

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and other forms
of ischemic brain injury. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory response is a …

The brain is a major metabolizer of oxygen and yet has relatively feeble protective
antioxidant mechanisms. This paper reviews the Janus‐faced properties of reactive oxygen …

After ischemic stroke, various damage-associated molecules are released from the ischemic
core and diffuse to the ischemic penumbra, activating microglia and promoting …

Background and Purpose—Neutrophils have been traditionally recognized as major
mediators of a deleterious inflammatory response in acute ischemic stroke, but their …

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most frequent cause of dementia, is escalating as a
global epidemic, and so far, there is neither cure nor treatment to alter its progression. The …

Neuroinflammatory mediators play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia,
exerting either deleterious effects on the progression of tissue damage or beneficial roles …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are∼ 22 nucleotides long, noncoding RNAs that control cellular
function by either degrading mRNAs or arresting their translation. To understand their …

Stroke is a major cause of death and adult disability. However, therapeutic options remain
limited. Numerous pathways underlie acute responses of brain tissue to stroke. Early events …