Highlights•Liquid-liquid phase separation underlies the formation of membraneless
organelles within cells.•Theory and molecular simulations help to relate interactions at the …

It is now generally accepted that macromolecules do not act in isolation but “live” in a
crowded environment, that is, an environment populated by numerous different molecules …

Intrinsically disordered proteins rich in cationic amino acid groups can undergo Liquid-
Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) in the presence of charge-balancing anionic counterparts …

Cells contain numerous substructures that have been proposed to form via liquid–liquid
phase separation (LLPS). It is currently debated how to reliably distinguish LLPS from other …

Biomolecular condensation via liquid-liquid phase separation of proteins and nucleic acids
is associated with a range of critical cellular functions and neurodegenerative diseases …

Biomolecular self-assembly based on peptides and proteins is a general phenomenon
encountered in natural and synthetic systems. Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is …

Amyloid aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) is the hallmark of Parkinson's disease and other
synucleinopathies. Recently, Tau protein, generally associated with Alzheimer's disease …

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an important mechanism enabling the dynamic
compartmentalization of macromolecules, including complex polymers such as proteins and …

Fluorescent proteins (FP) are frequently used for studying proteins inside cells. In advanced
fluorescence microscopy, FPs can report on additional intracellular variables. One variable …

Water is more than an inert spectator during liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), the
reversible compartmentalization of protein solutions into a protein-rich and a dilute phase …