This paper contains a bibliography of all references central to bilevel and multilevel
programming that the authors know of. It should be regarded as a dynamic and permanent …

Multilevel decision-making techniques aim to deal with decentralized management
problems that feature interactive decision entities distributed throughout a multiple level …

Bilevel optimization problems are hierarchical optimization problems where the feasible
region of the so-called upper level problem is restricted by the graph of the solution set …

We study the problem of interdicting the arcs in a network in order to maximize the shortest s–
t path length.“Interdiction” is an attack on an arc that destroys the arc or increases its …

In this bibliography main directions of research as well as main fields of applications of
bilevel programming problems and mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints are …

Due to pressing environmental concerns, there is a global consensus to commit to a
sustainable energy future. Germany has embraced Energiewende, a bold sustainable …

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been recognized as a promising approach for bilevel
optimization. However, the population-based characteristic of EAs largely influences their …

Bilevel programming problems are characterized by two optimization problems which are
hierarchically related, where to each feasible upper level solution an optimal solution in the …

Bilevel optimization refers to a hierarchical problem in which optimization needs to be
performed at two nested levels, namely the upper level and the lower level. The aim is to …

When solving bilevel optimization problems (BOPs) by evolutionary algorithms (EAs), it is
necessary to obtain the lower-level optimal solution for each upper-level solution, which …