Prenatal ethanol exposure (PNEE) has been linked to widespread impairments in brain
structure and function. There are a number of animal models that are used to study the …

In this article, we present a review of ocular conditions related to alcohol consumption. A
search of the literature published from 1952 to March 2020 was performed. The titles and …

This study was designed to develop a zebrafish experimental model to examine defects in
retinoic acid (RA) signaling caused by embryonic ethanol exposure. RA deficiency may be a …

The adverse effects of prenatal alcohol consumption have long been known; however, a
formal description and clinical diagnosis of these effects was not introduced until 1973 …

Prenatal alcohol exposure produces a multitude of detrimental alcohol-induced defects in
children collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Children with FASD …

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), caused by prenatal alcohol exposure, can result in
craniofacial dysmorphism, cognitive impairment, sensory and motor disabilities among other …

Children exposed to alcohol in utero have significantly delayed gross and fine motor skills,
as well as deficiencies in reflex development. The reasons that underlie the motor deficits …

Organogenesis is a complex process that can be disrupted by embryonic exposure to
teratogens or mutation‐induced alterations in signalling pathways, both of which result in …

BACKGROUND: In humans, fetal ethanol exposure can cause holoprosencephaly (HPE),
one of the most common birth defects that is characterized by brain, facial, and oral …

Retinoic acid (RA), the active derivative of vitamin A (retinol), is an essential morphogen
signaling molecule and major regulator of embryonic development. The dysregulation of RA …