In this paper, we examine the impact of trade openness on bank risk-taking behavior
employing a panel dataset of 899 banks from the BRICS (ie, Brazil, Russia, India, China …

Problem the fiscal deficit still has a bad influence on the increase in government debt every
year. So far, the government has tended to withdraw new debt to cover the fiscal deficit. In …

ABSTRACT The Great Recession and the COVID-19 pandemic shared two of its critical
macroeconomic consequences: a major increase in world uncertainty and great stress on …

This paper offers a new de facto exchange rate regime classification that draws on the
strengths of three popular classifications. Its two hallmarks are the careful treatment of a …

The study examined the interdependence of sectorial growth, exchange rate and fiscal
policy by simultaneous equation model for 50 developing economies over the time period of …

Inflation in the Iran's economy, by reducing the competitiveness of domestic economic
enterprises against foreign competitors, has led to reduction in production and their exit from …

We look at the effect of exchange rate regimes on fiscal discipline, taking into account the
effect of underlying political conditions. We present a model where strong politics (defined …

This paper looks at the role of external trade and foreign equity finance in determining the
impact of exchange rate uncertainty on firm‐level employment growth in a major developing …

IF the economy is exposed to Continuous and unexpected Expansionary Monetary Policy,
the exchange rate will exceed its long-run value in the short run and returns to that level …

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Global events in recent months, such as the (COVID-
19) pandemic, have put pressures on the public budget especially in municipalities that …