We trace the evolution of research on extreme solar and solar-terrestrial events from the
1859 Carrington event to the rapid development of the last twenty years. Our focus is on the …

This review article summarizes the advancement in the studies of Earth-affecting solar
transients in the last decade that encompasses most of solar cycle 24. It is a part of the effort …

Space weather describes the way in which the Sun, and conditions in space more generally,
impact human activity and technology both in space and on the ground. It is now well …

Abstract Space weather refers to dynamic conditions on the Sun and in the space
environment of the Earth, which are often driven by solar eruptions and their subsequent …

Antarctic and Southern Ocean science is vital to understanding natural variability, the
processes that govern global change and the role of humans in the Earth and climate …

Extreme space weather events, while rare, can have a substantial impact on our
technologically-dependent society. And, although such events have only occasionally been …

Extreme space weather due to coronal mass ejections has the potential to cause
considerable disruption to the global economy by damaging the transformers required to …

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the most important drivers of various types of space
weather disturbance. Here we report a newly developed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) …

The Sun, as an active star, is the driver of energetic phenomena that structure interplanetary
space and affect planetary atmospheres. The effects of Space Weather on Earth and the …

The Carrington event is considered to be one of the most extreme space weather events in
observational history within a series of magnetic storms caused by extreme interplanetary …