The cGAS–STING signalling axis, comprising the synthase for the second messenger cyclic
GMP–AMP (cGAS) and the cyclic GMP–AMP receptor stimulator of interferon genes …

Transposable Elements (TE) are mobile DNA elements that can replicate and insert
themselves into different locations within the host genome. Their propensity to self …

RNase H2 is a specialized enzyme that degrades RNA in RNA/DNA hybrids and deficiency
of this enzyme causes a severe neuroinflammatory disease, Aicardi Goutières syndrome …

Aberrant induction of type I IFN is a hallmark of the inherited encephalopathy Aicardi-
Goutières syndrome (AGS), but the mechanisms triggering disease in the human central …

Abstract The LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposon is an ancient genetic parasite that has written
around one-third of the human genome through a 'copy and paste'mechanism catalysed by …

R-loops are nucleic acid structures formed by an RNA: DNA hybrid and unpaired single-
stranded DNA that represent a source of genomic instability in mammalian cells,,–. Here we …

Abstract Long interspersed element 1 (LINE-1) is the only protein-coding transposon that is
active in humans. LINE-1 propagates in the genome using RNA intermediates via …

Inter-cellular movement of “prion-like” proteins is thought to explain propagation of
neurodegeneration between cells. For example, propagation of abnormally phosphorylated …

Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) forms continuously during DNA replication and is an
important intermediate during recombination-mediated repair of damaged DNA. Replication …

Repetitive elements (REs), such as transposable elements (TEs) and satellites, comprise
much of the genome. Here, we review how TEs and (peri) centromeric satellite DNA may …