Organic carbon (OC) accounts for a large fraction of atmospheric aerosol and has profound
effects on air quality, atmospheric chemistry, and climate forcing. The molecular composition …

Freezing can prolong the shelf life of muscle foods and is widely used in their preservation.
However, inevitable quality deterioration can occur during freezing, frozen storage, and …

Supercooled water droplets are widely used to study supercooled water,, ice nucleation,–
and droplet freezing,,,,–. Their freezing in the atmosphere affects the dynamics and climate …

Grain boundaries exhibit phase-like behavior in which their structure, chemistry and
properties may change discontinuously at critical values of thermodynamic parameters such …

Sand, rice, sugar, snow, cement... Although ubiquitous in our daily lives, granular media still
challenge engineers and fascinate researchers. This book provides the state-of-the-art of the …

The freezing-thawing behavior of soil plays a crucial role in frozen soil engineering. In this
study, a soil freezing-thawing model is proposed from the perspective of statistical …

The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials has captured the imagination of
researchers since graphene was first exfoliated from graphite in 2004. Their exotic …

Micrometre-sized colloidal particles can be viewed as large atoms with tailorable size,
shape and interactions. These building blocks can assemble into extremely rich structures …

Earth's inner core is predominantly composed of solid iron (Fe) and displays intriguing
properties such as strong shear softening and an ultrahigh Poisson's ratio. Insofar, physical …

Permafrost in steep bedrock is abundant in many cold‐mountain areas, and its degradation
can cause slope instability that is unexpected and unprecedented in location, magnitude …