In the spinal cord, neuron and glial cells actively interact and contribute to neurofunction.
Surprisingly, both cell types have similar receptors, transporters and ion channels and also …

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) belong to class C G-protein-coupled receptors.
They are expressed throughout the nervous system on both neurons and glial cells. In the …

Painful neuropathic injuries are accompanied by robust inflammatory and oxidative stress
responses that contribute to the development and maintenance of pain. After neural trauma …

The cervical facet joint and its capsule are a common source of neck pain from whiplash.
Mechanical hyperalgesia elicited by painful facet joint distraction is associated with spinal …

Mechanical hyperalgesia is a common and potentially disabling complication of many
inflammatory and neuropathic conditions. Activation of the enzyme PKCε in primary afferent …

Extensive research over the past thirty years has demonstrated a vital role for metabotropic
glutamate (mGlu) receptors in the major functions of the central nervous system (CNS). A …

Developing effective therapies for back pain associated with intervertebral disc (IVD)
degeneration is a research priority since it is a major socioeconomic burden and current …

Chronic neck pain is a common condition and a primary clinical symptom of whiplash and
other spinal injuries. Loading-induced neck injuries produce abnormal kinematics between …

Joint afferent activity induces central sensitization after facet injury that can be prevented by
transiently blocking afferent firing within a critical period early after injury. ABSTRACT …

The facet joint is a common source of pain, especially from mechanical injury. Although
chronic pain is associated with altered spinal glial and neuronal responses, the contribution …