Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system (CNS), and
astrocytes constitute macroglia. This review deals with the recent progress related to the …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is the principal regulator of transport of molecules and cells
into and out of the central nervous system (CNS). It comprises endothelial cells, pericytes …

Thinning and discontinuities within the vascular basement membrane (VBM) are associated
with leakage of the plasma protein prothrombin across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is characterized by parenchymal hematoma formation with
surrounding inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the …

With the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy AIDS dementia complex or HIV-
associated dementia, as it was termed later, largely disappeared in clinical practice …

Increases in circulating CD14+/CD16+ monocytes have been associated with HIV dementia;
trafficking of these cells into the CNS has been proposed to play an important role in the …

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a formerly rare disease, is estimated to
occur in up to 5% of all patients with AIDS. The high prevalence of PML in AIDS patients …

The amount of messenger RNA encoding human inducible nitric oxide synthase and the
presence and distribution of NADPH diaphorase were determined in tissue sections from …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the nervous system is unique when
compared with other viral encephalitides. Neuronal cell loss occurs in the absence of …

Background Monocyte/macrophages are known to infiltrate the brain of patients with HIV‐1
encephalitis (HIVE). In Alzheimer's disease brain, the origin of activated microglia has not …