Although the major working hypothesis for the mechanism of idiosyncratic drug reactions
(IDRs), the hapten hypothesis, has not changed since 1987, several hypotheses have been …

Abstract Purpose of Review This article provides a brief overview of mechanisms of
inflammatory liver injury and how this applies to drug hepatotoxicity with a particular …

The tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been studied for chronic
disease preventive effects, and is marketed as part of many dietary supplements. However …

Ginger is a remedy known to possess a number of pharmacological properties. This study
investigated efficacy of ginger pretreatment in alleviating acetaminophen-induced acute …

Control of homeostasis and rapid response to tissue damage in the liver is orchestrated by
crosstalk between resident and infiltrating inflammatory cells. A crucial role for myeloid cells …

Interindividual variability in response to chemicals and drugs is a common regulatory
concern. It is assumed that xenobiotic-induced adverse reactions have a strong genetic …

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes severe hepatotoxicity in animals and humans.
However, the mechanisms underlying the gender differences in susceptibility to APAP …

Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells and key cellular
components of the liver. Hepatic macrophages consist of embryologically-derived resident …

Although severe idiosyncratic drug–induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare event, it has a large
impact on the fate of affected patients and the incriminated drug. Hepatic metabolism of …

Many adverse drug reactions are mediated by the immune system. This can be because the
therapeutic effect of the drug targets the immune system. For example, immunosuppressive …