Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are deadly weapons used by phagocytes and other cell
types, such as lung epithelial cells, against pathogens. ROS can kill pathogens directly by …

For decades, reactive persulfide species including cysteine persulfide (CysSSH) have been
known to exist endogenously in organisms. However, the physiological significance of …

An emerging aspect of redox signaling is the pathway mediated by electrophilic byproducts,
such as nitrated cyclic nucleotide (for example, 8-nitroguanosine 3′, 5′-cyclic …

Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa, invasive nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) infection is a
common and often fatal complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Induction of heme …

Oxidative damage contributes to microbe elimination during macrophage respiratory burst.
Nuclear factor, erythroid-derived 2, like 2 (NRF2) orchestrates antioxidant defenses …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule involved in diverse physiological
processes, including plant senescence and stomatal closure. The NO and cyclic GMP …

A nitrated guanine nucleotide, 8-nitroguanosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-
cGMP), is formed via nitric oxide (NO) and causes protein S-guanylation. However …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its metabolic by-product, carbon
monoxide (CO), protect against intestinal inflammation in experimental models of colitis, but …

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) formed during sulfur metabolism in bacteria has been implicated in
the development of intrinsic resistance to antibacterial agents. Despite the conversion of …

Human and animal pathogens are able to circumvent, at least temporarily, the sophisticated
immune defences of their hosts. Several serovars of the Gram-negative bacterium …