The molecular mechanisms of cellular insulin action have been the focus of much
investigation since the discovery of the hormone 100 years ago. Insulin action is impaired in …

The progressive increase in lifespan over the past century carries with it some adversity
related to the accompanying burden of debilitating diseases prevalent in the older …

Insulin resistance is one of the earliest defects in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Over
the past 50 years, elucidation of the insulin signalling network has provided important …

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) bind specifically to the IGF1 receptor on the cell surface of
targeted tissues. Ligand binding to the α subunit of the receptor leads to a conformational …

Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder affecting multiple tissues and is a precursor event
to type 2 diabetes (T2D). As T2D affects over 425 million people globally, there is an …

In the wake of the worldwide increase in type-2 diabetes, a major focus of research is
understanding the signaling pathways impacting this disease. Insulin signaling regulates …

The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the US and even worldwide is
becoming a serious health problem and economic burden. MetS has become a crucial risk …

In the last two decades, numerous in vitro studies demonstrated that insulin receptors and
theirs downstream pathways are widely distributed throughout the brain. This evidence has …

Insulin receptors, as well as IGF-1 receptors and their postreceptor signaling partners, are
distributed throughout the brain. Insulin acts on these receptors to modulate peripheral …

Insulin resistance is a major underlying mechanism for the “metabolic syndrome”, which is
also known as insulin resistance syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is increasing at an …