Tumour heterogeneity and a long-standing paucity of effective therapies other than
chemotherapy have contributed to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being the subtype …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) encompasses a heterogeneous group of
fundamentally different diseases with different histologic, genomic, and immunologic …

Background Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a treatment strategy which stimulates
the human immune system to kill tumor cells. Tumor immunotherapy is based on immune …

Impaired type I interferons (IFNs) may cause immune deficiency in tumours. Current
supplementary IFN therapy partially restores anticancer immunity but simultaneously …

As the field of translational 'omics has progressed, refined classifiers at both genomic and
proteomic levels have emerged to decipher the heterogeneity of breast cancer in a clinically …

Rational development of targeted therapies has revolutionized metastatic breast cancer
outcomes, although resistance to treatment remains a major challenge. Advances in …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients. The
main focus of ICB has been on reinvigorating the adaptive immune response, namely …

Simple Summary For decades, countless efforts have been devoted to developing targeted
drugs to improve the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Among the novel …

Simple Summary In breast cancer, there is a high degree of variability in tumors and the
surrounding tissue called the tumor microenvironment (TME). To better understand tumor …

Simple Summary Most malignant tumours are highly heterogeneous at molecular and
phenotypic levels. Tumour variability poses challenges for the management of patients, as it …