Introduction Since the early use of the endoscopic view for treating simple intrasellar
pituitary adenomas, the skull base surgery has experienced an unprecedented revolution …

Minimally invasive surgical approaches for the treatment of spinal pathologies have
accelerated over the past three decades and resulted in superior functional outcomes with …

The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is a complex transition area between the skull and
cervical spine. Pathologies such as chordoma, chondrosarcoma and aneurysmal bone cysts …

Background Over the past decades, supported by preliminary anatomic and clinical studies
exploring its feasibility and safety, experience has increased of the use of the endoscopic …

OBJECTIVE Sporadic cases of endonasal intraaxial brainstem surgery have been reported
in the recent literature. The authors endeavored to assess the feasibility and limitations of …

Background Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy (EEO) has been described as a
potential approach for craniovertebral junction (CVJ) disease which could cause anterior …

Background Ventral brainstem compression secondary to complex craniovertebral junction
abnormality is an infrequent cause of neurologic deterioration in pediatric patients. However …

The surgical approach to lesions of the ventral craniovertebral junction (CVJ) has evolved
significantly in the last several years with the advent of endoscopic skull base surgery …

Background Surgical anterior decompression represents the treatment of choice for
symptomatic irreducible ventral craniovertebral junction (CVJ) compression. With the …

Objective For many years, the microsurgical transoral approach has been accepted as the
gold standard for anterior decompressions of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). The …