Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as ischaemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy,
atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke and heart failure, are among the leading causes of …

The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise and imposes a major health threat, in part, due
to the rapidly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. To this point …

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a naturally occurring hydrophilic bile acid that has
been used for centuries in Chinese medicine. Chemically, TUDCA is a taurine conjugate of …

Given the unprecedented global pandemic of obesity, a better understanding of the etiology
of adiposity will be necessary to ensure effective management of obesity and related …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) governs the proper folding of polypeptides and proteins
through various chaperones and enzymes residing within the ER organelle. Perturbation in …

Over the past decade, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has emerged as an important
mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may be both a trigger and consequence of chronic
inflammation. Chronic inflammation is often associated with diseases that arise because of …

Background—Cardiac consequences of obesity include inflammation, hypertrophy, and
compromised energy metabolism. Glucagon-like peptide-1 is an incretin hormone capable …

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is the taurine conjugate of ursodeoxycholic acid
(UDCA), a US Food and Drug Administration—approved hydrophilic bile acid for the …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that disrupts ER function can occur in response to a wide
variety of cellular stress factors leads to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins …