The biology of bone healing is a rapidly developing science. Advances in transgenic and
gene‐targeted mice have enabled tissue and cell‐specific investigations of skeletal …

Use of high‐resolution micro–computed tomography (µCT) imaging to assess trabecular
and cortical bone morphology has grown immensely. There are several commercially …

Angiogenesis is a key component of bone repair. New blood vessels bring oxygen and
nutrients to the highly metabolically active regenerating callus and serve as a route for …

Simple Summary Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4-based immune checkpoint blockade
(ICB) immunotherapy have recently emerged as a breakthrough in human cancer treatment …

The treatment of challenging fractures and large osseous defects presents a formidable
problem for orthopaedic surgeons. Tissue engineering/regenerative medicine approaches …

Fracture healing and distraction osteogenesis have important applications in orthopedic,
maxillofacial, and periodontal treatment. In this review, the cellular and molecular …

MicroComputed Tomography has become the gold standard for studying 3D microscopic
structures nondestructively, and this book provides up-to-date coverage of the modality. The …

Osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OPN) are major non‐collagenous proteins (NCPs)
involved in bone matrix organization and deposition. In spite of this, it is currently unknown …

Epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) secretes an array of cytokines to regulate the
metabolism of organs and tissues in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, but its effects on …

Toughening in hierarchically structured materials like bone arises from the arrangement of
constituent material elements and their interactions. Unlike microcracking, which entails …