Through natural as well as anthropogenic processes, prey can lose historically important
predators and gain novel ones. Both predator gain and loss frequently have deleterious …

Minimizing the costs that others impose upon oneself and upon those in whom one has a
fitness stake, such as kin and allies, is a key adaptive problem for many organisms. Our …

Ecological factors explain variation in sociality both within and between species of marmots—
large alpine ground squirrels. Fifty years of study, by me and my colleagues, of the yellow …

Focusing on the physiological and behavioral factors that enable a species to live in a harsh
seasonal environment, this book places the social biology of marmots in an environmental …

Large mammalian herbivores use a diverse array of strategies to survive predator
encounters including flight, grouping, vigilance, warning signals, and fitness indicators …

Domestic dogs are the most abundant large carnivore on the planet, and their ubiquity has
led to concern regarding the impacts of dogs as predators of and competitors with native …

Native prey can be particularly vulnerable to consumption by exotic predators. Prey naiveté,
the failure to recognize a novel predator due to lack of recent co-evolutionary history, likely …

It is widely accepted that predator recognition and avoidance are important behaviors in
allowing prey to mitigate the impacts of their predators. However, while prey species …

Human disturbance may differentially affect the behavior of wild animals and such
behavioral perturbations may have fitness consequences. To understand the effects of …

Natural selection is expected to shape phenotypic traits that permit organisms to respond
appropriately to the environments in which they live. One important mechanism by which …