The power converters based on a modular structure have gained importance for electric
transportation applications, including electric vehicles (EVs), EV charging stations, railway …

Multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) grids provide the possibility of meshed interconnections
between regional power systems and various renewable energy resources to boost supply …

In the present scenario, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are considered to be one of
the most promising and effective topologies in the family of high-power converters because …

Most of the micro-grids require solar photovoltaic (PV) panels to convert sunlight to electrical
energy. The electrical energy converted by the PV panel is DC while most of the applications …

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is very attractive in a high-voltage dc (HVdc)
transmission system due to its high modularity and scalability. It is also a promising …

An open-circuit insulated-gate bipolar transistor fault detection technique for cascaded H-
bridge (CHB) multilevel converters is presented in this paper. This technique, designed to be …

In the past decade, the implementation of battery energy storage systems (BESS) with a
modular design has grown significantly, proving to be highly advantageous for large-scale …

This letter proposes a currentless sorting and selection (SAS)-based capacitor-voltage-
balancing method for modular multilevel converters. Without the knowledge of arm-current …

Reliability is one of the most important challenges for the modular multilevel converter
(MMC), which is composed of a large number of power electronics submodules (SMs). In …

Fault localization is one of the most important issues for the modular multilevel converters
(MMC) consisting of lots of switches. This article proposes a switch open-circuit fault …