Summary Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), an experimental vaccine
designed to protect cattle from bovine tuberculosis, was administered for the first time to a …

Live attenuated vaccines could have beneficial, non-specific effects of protecting against
vaccine-unrelated infections, such as BCG protecting against respiratory infection. During …

Aside from centrally induced trained immunity in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral
blood by parenteral vaccination or infection, evidence indicates that mucosal-resident innate …

In a recent study of our group with the acronym ACTIVATE, Bacillus Calmete-Guérin (BCG)
vaccination reduced the occurrence of new infections compared to placebo vaccination in …

After a century of using the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine, our understanding of
its ability to provide protection against homologous (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) or …

Highlights•Trained immunity is induced in a variety of innate immune cell types.•Central and
peripheral trained immunity underlies the long-term effects of innate immunity.•Metabolic …

Trained immunity describes the capacity of innate immune cells to develop heterologous
memory in response to certain exogenous exposures. This phenomenon mediates, at least …

Trained immunity is a de facto memory for innate immune responses, leading to long-term
functional reprogramming of innate immune cells. In physiological conditions, trained …

Trained immunity is a long-term increase in responsiveness of innate immune cells, induced
by certain infections and vaccines. During the last 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic …

The innate immune system is able to build memory-like features in response to certain
infections or vaccines, resulting in enhanced responsiveness upon (re) challenge with the …