Pretreatment technologies are aimed to increase enzyme accessibility to biomass and yields
of fermentable sugars. In general, pretreatment methods fall into four different categories …

The small bacterial-type genome of the plastid (chloroplast) can be engineered by genetic
transformation, generating cells and plants with transgenic plastid genomes, also referred to …

Thermophilic microorganisms are attractive candidates for conversion of lignocellulose to
biofuels because they produce robust, effective, carbohydrate-degrading enzymes and …

Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta. Crantz) is a starch‐rich, woody tuberous, root crop
important for food, with little being done to investigate its potential as a bioenergy crop …

Chloroplasts are known to sustain life on earth by providing food, fuel, and oxygen through
the process of photosynthesis. However, the chloroplast genome has also been smartly …

In recent years, biogas production from complex biomass has received great interest.
Therefore, many studies have been conducted to understand the anaerobic digestion …

In recent years, plant genetic engineering has advanced agriculture in terms of crop
improvement, stress and disease resistance, and pharmaceutical biosynthesis. Cells from …

DNA-containing cellular compartments in plant cells are the nucleus, plastids, and
mitochondria. The nuclear genome, encoding approximately 29,000 to 32,000 genes, is the …

Lignocelluloses from plant cell walls are attractive resources for sustainable biofuel
production. However, conversion of lignocellulose to biofuel is more expensive than other …

Chloroplasts play a great role for sustained wellbeing of life on the planet. They have the
power and raw materials that can be used as sophisticated biological factories. They are rich …