Propensity score (PS) methods offer certain advantages over more traditional regression
methods to control for confounding by indication in observational studies. Although …

Randomized clinical trials (RCT) are accepted as the gold-standard approaches to measure
effects of intervention or treatment on outcomes. They are also the designs of choice for …

Objective Examining covariate balance is the prescribed method for determining the degree
to which propensity score methods should be successful at reducing bias. This study …

Methods based on propensity score (PS) have become increasingly popular as a tool for
causal inference. A better understanding of the relative advantages and disadvantages of …

Background In intervention trials, only randomization guarantees equal distributions of all
known and unknown patient characteristics between an intervention group and a control …

Observational studies using propensity-score methods have been increasing in the
cardiovascular literature because randomized controlled trials are not always feasible or …

Abstract Treatment effects, especially when comparing two or more therapeutic alternatives
as in comparative effectiveness research, are likely to be heterogeneous across age …

Most epidemiology textbooks that discuss models are vague on details of model selection.
This lack of detail may be understandable since selection should be strongly influenced by …

Confounding can cause substantial bias in nonexperimental studies that aim to estimate
causal effects. Propensity score methods allow researchers to reduce bias from measured …

Background Renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors (RASi), that include angiotensin converting
enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce proteinuria …