Articular cartilage is commonly described as a tissue that is made of up to 80% water, is
devoid of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics, and is populated by only one cell type, the …

Humans and animals lose tissues and organs due to congenital defects, trauma, and
diseases. The human body has a low regenerative potential as opposed to the urodele …

The introduction of additive manufacturing (AM), often referred to as three-dimensional (3D)
printing, has initiated what some believe to be a manufacturing revolution, and has …

Tissue engineering (TE) is a highly interdisciplinary research field driven by the goal to
restore, replace, or regenerate defective tissues. Throughout more than two decades of …

Significant progress has been made in the field of cartilage and bone tissue engineering
over the last two decades. As a result, there is real promise that strategies to regenerate …

The limitations of traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures and animal testing, when it
comes to precisely foreseeing the toxicity and clinical effectiveness of potential drug …

Reconstruction of bony defects is challenging when conventional grafting methods are used
because of their intrinsic limitations (biological cost and/or biological properties). Bone …

Oxygen inhibition is a phenomenon that directly impacts the print fidelity of 3D biofabricated
and photopolymerized hydrogel constructs. It typically results in the undesirable physical …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a rapidly growing technology that has been
widely used in tissue engineering, disease studies, and drug screening. It provides the …

Tissue engineering technology has made major advances with respect to the repair of
injured tissues, for which scaffolds and cells are key factors. However, there are still some …