The word alcohol is commonly used to specifically refer to ethyl alcohol or ethanol. However,
in chemical terms, alcohol can refer to any hydroxyl derivative of a hydrocarbon. By …

Photorespiration is one of the major carbon metabolism pathways in oxygen-producing
photosynthetic organisms. This pathway recycles 2-phosphoglycolate (2-PG), a toxic …

The oxidation of flavin hydroquinones by O2 in solution is slow, with second-order rate
constants of∼ 250 M–1 s–1. This is due to the obligatory, single-electron transfer that …

Abstract Glycolate, malate, lactate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate are important 2-hydroxy acids
(2HA) in plant metabolism. Most of them can be found as D-and L-stereoisomers. These …

O 2-dependent biocatalysts are among the most studied and used biocatalysts on the lab
scale. Their diversity and functional versatility make them very attractive for the sustainable …

L-Lactate oxidase (LOX) is a member of α‑hydroxy acid-oxidizing enzymes, and it catalyzes
oxidation of l-lactate into pyruvate using flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as cofactor. Based on …

Primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are a group of inherited alterations of the hepatic glyoxylate
metabolism. PHs classification based on gene mutations parallel a variety of enzymatic …

Tolerance to submergence-induced hypoxia is an important agronomic trait especially for
crops in lowland and flooding-affected areas. Although rice (Oryza sativa) is considered a …

In plants, glycolate oxidase is involved in the photorespiratory cycle, one of the major fluxes
at the global scale. To clarify both the nature of the mechanism and possible differences in …

Enzymes are potent catalysts that increase biochemical reaction rates by several orders of
magnitude. Flavoproteins are a class of enzymes whose classification relies on their ability …