Cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids and the enzymes responsible for their
biosynthesis and degradation constitute the endocannabinoid system. In recent decades …

Addictive drugs have in common that they are voluntarily self-administered by laboratory
animals (usually avidly), and that they enhance the functioning of the reward circuitry of the …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Lifetime relapse rates remain a major obstacle in addressing the current opioid crisis.
Relapse to opioid use can be modeled in rodent studies where drug self-administration is …

Withdrawal from opiates, such as heroin or oral narcotics, is characterized by a host of
aversive physical and emotional symptoms. High rates of relapse and limited treatment …

Ethanol and opiate self-administration are sensitive to manipulations of cannabinoid CB1
receptor function and, from this, a role for the endogenous cannabinoid system in the …

The endogenous cannabinoid system is an important regulatory system involved in
physiological homeostasis. Endocannabinoid signaling is known to modulate neural …

Environmental stimuli are powerful mediators of craving and relapse in substance‐abuse
disorders. This review examined how animal models have been used to investigate the …

Blockade of cannabinoid CB1 receptors has been reported to inhibit cocaine-or cocaine cue-
induced reinstatement of drug seeking. However, the mechanisms underlying this action are …

Rationale AKB48 and its fluorinate derivate 5F-AKB48 are two novel synthetic cannabinoids
belonging to a structural class with an indazole core structure. They are marketed as …