Metabolic alterations are a key hallmark of cancer cells, and the augmented synthesis and
use of nucleotide triphosphates is a critical and universal metabolic dependency of cancer …

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, and its treatment and outcomes have been
dramatically revolutionised by targeted therapies. As the most frequently mutated oncogene …

As knowledge of cell metabolism has advanced, glutamine has been considered an
important amino acid that supplies carbon and nitrogen to fuel biosynthesis. A recent study …

Pancreatic cancer is an increasingly common cause of cancer mortality with a tight
correspondence between disease mortality and incidence. Furthermore, it is usually …

The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream
components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely …

Despite tremendous gains in the molecular understanding of exocrine pancreatic cancer,
the prognosis for this disease remains very poor, largely because of delayed disease …

Abstract The RAF-MEK-ERK signaling cascade is a well-characterized MAPK pathway
involved in cell proliferation and survival. The three-layered MAPK signaling cascade is …

Oncogenic mutations in KRAS drive common metabolic programmes that facilitate tumour
survival, growth and immune evasion in colorectal carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer …

Our understanding of how the RAS protein family, and in particular mutant KRAS, promotes
metabolic dysregulation in cancer cells has advanced substantially over the last decade. In …

Oncogenic KRAS is the key driver oncogene for several of the most aggressive human
cancers. One key feature of oncogenic KRAS expression is an early increase in cellular …