Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple joints bilaterally.
It is characterized by an inflammation of the tendon (tenosynovitis) resulting in both cartilage …

Cytokine dysregulation is believed to play a key role in the remodeling of the immune
system at older age, with evidence pointing to an inability to fine-control systemic …

Autoimmune diseases are caused when immune cells act against self-protein. This
biological self–non-self-discrimination phenomenon is controlled by a distinct group of …

Autoimmune diseases often result from an imbalance between regulatory T (Treg) cells and
interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing T helper (TH17) cells; the origin of the latter cells remains …

This review focuses on the biology of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells and
their role in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Th17 cells represent a pro …

The Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis | New England Journal of Medicine Skip to main
content The New England Journal of Medicine homepage Advanced Search SEARCH …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to joint destruction.
Cytokines play a key role in its pathogenesis. They contribute to the induction and …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the PD‐1: PD‐ligand (PD‐L) pathway are both critical to
terminating immune responses. Elimination of either can result in the breakdown of …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a potent pro-inflammatory and pathological cytokines in
inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Anti …

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterised by arthritis
of unknown origin with onset before age of 16 years. Pivotal studies in the past 5 years have …