Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by most cell types as part of an intracellular
communication system in crucial processes such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and …

The continuous growing, spreading, and metastasis of tumor cells depend on intercellular
communication within cells resident in a tissue environment. Such communication is …

Background Personalized immunotherapy utilizing cancer vaccines tailored to the tumors of
individual patients holds promise for tumors with high genetic heterogeneity, potentially …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and are
present in all biological fluids of vertebrates, where they transfer DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids …

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are lipid-bilayer enclosed vesicles in submicron size that are
released from cells. A variety of molecules, including proteins, DNA fragments, RNAs, lipids …

Dendritic cell (DC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (DEVs) are recognized as a highly
promising alternative to DC vaccines; however, the clinical testing of DEV-based …

Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have appealed to a growing interest due to their
abundant expression and potential functions in cancer development. The most biological …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most important component of the stromal cell
population in the tumor microenvironment and play an irreplaceable role in oncogenesis …

Recent advances in extracellular vesicle (EVs) detection and isolation methods have led to
the development of novel therapeutic modalities. Among different types of EVs, exosomes …

Although cancer vaccines such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccines and peptide vaccines have
become appealing and attractive anticancer immunotherapy options in recent decades …