Abstract On 6 September 2017, the Sun emitted two significant solar flares (SFs). The first
SF, classified X2. 2, peaked at 09: 10 UT. The second one, X9. 3, which is the most intensive …

The ionosphere is a fundamental component of the Earth's atmosphere, impacting human
activities such as communication transmissions, navigation systems, satellite functions …

We report first results on the study of the high‐latitude ionospheric irregularities observed in
worldwide GPS data during the St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm (17 March 2015) …

The first super geomagnetic storm (Dst<− 200 nT) of solar cycle 24 occurred on “St. Patrick's
day”(17 March 2015). Notably, it was a two-step storm. The source of the storm can be …

By using data from multiple instruments, we investigate ionospheric/thermospheric behavior
during the period from 21 to 23 June 2015, when three interplanetary shocks (IS) of different …

The current study aims at investigating and identifying the ionospheric effects of the
geomagnetic storm that occurred during 17–19 March 2015. Incidentally, with SYM‐H hitting …

Abstract The 2015 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm caused numerous disturbances of
the ionosphere, particularly, plasma irregularities, large‐scale traveling ionospheric …

During geomagnetic storms, ionospheric storms can be driven by several mechanisms.
Observations performed using ground-and space-based instruments were used to reveal …

We use ground‐based (GNSS, SuperDARN, and ionosondes) and space‐borne (Swarm,
CSES, and DMSP) instruments to study ionospheric disturbances due to the 25–26 August …

The geomagnetic storm, which is an abnormal space weather phenomenon, can sometimes
severely affect GPS signal propagation, thereby impacting the performance of GPS precise …