The human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming subunit of the
rapid component of the delayed rectifier K+ channel, Kv11. 1, which are expressed in the …

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels comprise a small
subfamily of proteins within the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels. In mammals, the …

Loss of functional mitochondrial complex I (MCI) in the dopaminergic neurons of the
substantia nigra is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Yet, whether this change contributes to …

Recent studies provide increasing evidence that postnatal neovascularization involves bone
marrow–derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The regulation of EPCs in …

The heart is a rhythmic electromechanical pump, the functioning of which depends on action
potential generation and propagation, followed by relaxation and a period of refractoriness …

Pacemaking is a basic physiological process, and the cellular mechanisms involved in this
function have always attracted the keen attention of investigators. The “funny”(I f) current …

▪ Abstract Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents, termed If, Ih, or Iq, were initially
discovered in heart and nerve cells over 20 years ago. These currents contribute to a wide …

The heart automaticity is a fundamental physiological function in higher organisms. The
spontaneous activity is initiated by specialized populations of cardiac cells generating …

The cardiac electrical system is designed to ensure the appropriate rate and timing of
contraction in all regions of the heart, which are essential for effective cardiac function. Well …

Dopaminergic (DA) midbrain neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental
area (VTA) are involved in various brain functions such as voluntary movement and reward …