Abstract 3D printing is a competitive manufacturing technology, which has opened up new
possibilities for the fabrication of complex ceramic structures and customised parts …

Successful regeneration of large segmental bone defects remains a major challenge in
clinical orthopedics, thus it is of important significance to fabricate a suitable alternative …

Critical-sized bone defect repair remains a substantial challenge in clinical settings and
requires bone grafts or bone substitute materials. However, existing biomaterials often do …

The native tissues are complex structures consisting of different cell types, extracellular
matrix materials, and biomolecules. Traditional tissue engineering strategies have not been …

Treating large bone defects, known as critical-sized defects (CSDs), is challenging because
they are not spontaneously healed by the patient's body. Due to the limitations associated …

During the past two decades, tissue engineering and the regenerative medicine field have
invested in the regeneration and reconstruction of pathologically altered tissues, such as …

Biomaterials made using collagen are successfully used as a three-dimensional (3D)
substrate for cell culture and considered to be promising scaffolds for creating artificial …

In the last few years, additive manufacturing (AM) has been gaining great interest in the
fabrication of complex structures for soft-to-hard tissues regeneration, with tailored porosity …

3D bioprinting has recently emerged as a very useful tool in tissue engineering and
regenerative medicine. However, developing suitable bioinks to fabricate specific tissue …

Recent years have witnessed surging demand for bone repair/regeneration implants due to
the increasing number of bone defects caused by trauma, cancer, infection, and arthritis …