Multimodal analgesia (MMA) involves the use of additive or synergistic combinations of
analgesics to achieve clinically required analgesia while minimizing significant side effects …

Spine surgery encompasses one of the most diverse sets of procedures of any surgical
subspecialty. Patients may present for anything ranging from 1 to 2 level decompressions or …

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare total cost and length of stay (LOS)
between spine surgery patients enrolled in an enhanced perioperative care (EPOC) …

Study Design: Retrospective study of consecutive patients at a single institution. Objective:
Examine the effect of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) versus open transforaminal lumbar …

Background With a focus on providing high quality care and reducing facility based
expenses there has been an evolution in perioperative care by way of enhanced recovery …

Background Pain after spine surgery is difficult to manage, often requiring the use of opioid
analgesics. While traditional “deceptive” or concealed placebo has been studied in trials …

Background: The transition of minimally invasive (MIS) spine surgery from the inpatient to
outpatient setting has been aided by advances in multimodal analgesic (MMA) protocols …

Background Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols increasingly use multimodal
analgesia after major surgeries with intravenous acetaminophen and ketorolac, despite no …

Importance Opioid-induced ventilatory depression and hypoxemia is common, severe, and
often unrecognized in postoperative patients. To the extent that nonopioid analgesics …

Background: Intravenous paracetamol, as an adjunct to multimodal analgesia, has been
shown to successfully reduce opioid consumption after joint arthroplasty, abdominal surgery …