The RAS/MAP kinase and the RAS/PI3K/AKT pathways play a key role in the regulation of
proliferation, differentiation and survival. The induction of these pathways depends on …

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are transmembrane cell-surface proteins that act as signal
transducers. They regulate essential cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis …

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in regulating target gene expression.
They have been highlighted as a novel category of anticancer targets, and their inhibition …

Fibroblast growth factors (fgfs) are widely believed to activate their receptors by mediating
receptor dimerization. Here we show, however, that the FGF receptors form dimers in the …

Stem cells in shoot and floral meristems of Arabidopsis thaliana secrete the signaling
peptide CLAVATA3 (CLV3) that restricts stem cell proliferation and promotes differentiation …

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common tumors of the female genital tract, affecting 50%
to 70% of females by the age of 50. Despite their prevalence and enormous medical and …

Studies of the dimerization of transmembrane (TM) helices have been ongoing for many
years now, and have provided clues to the fundamental principles behind membrane protein …

Single-span transmembrane (TM) helices have structural and functional roles well beyond
serving as mere anchors to tether water-soluble domains in the vicinity of the membrane …

Drought can cause severe reduction in maize production, and strongly threatens crop yields.
To dissect this complex trait and identify superior alleles, 350 tropical and subtropical maize …

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a dimeric membrane protein that regulates
key aspects of cellular function. Activation of the EGFR is linked to changes in the …