Metabolomics, which is the metabolites profiling in biological matrices, is a key tool for
biomarker discovery and personalized medicine and has great potential to elucidate the …

Ketamine, a drug introduced in the 1960s as an anesthetic agent and still used for that
purpose, has garnered marked interest over the past two decades as an emerging treatment …

Background In recent years, we have accomplished a deeper understanding about the
pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, this improved …

Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative and a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-
aspartate (NMDA) receptor for which glutamate is the full agonist. It produces a functional …

Abstract (R, S)-ketamine (ketamine) and its enantiomer (S)-ketamine (esketamine) can
produce rapid and substantial antidepressant effects. However, individual response to …

Background Racemic ketamine and esketamine have demonstrated rapid antidepressant
effects. We aimed to review the efficacy and safety of racemic and esketamine for …

Current pharmacotherapies for major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression
(BDep) have a distinct lag of onset that can generate great distress and impairment in …

Introduction Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness impacting 1–2% of the
population worldwide and causing high rates of functional impairment. Patients with BD …

Major depressive disorder is a complex multifactorial condition with a so far poorly
characterized underlying pathophysiology. Consequently, the available treatments are far …

One of the major concerns of modern society is to identify putative biomarkers that serve as
a valuable early diagnostic tool to identify a subset of patients with increased risk to develop …