To function effectively, individuals must voluntarily postpone immediate gratification and
persist in goal-directed behavior for the sake of later outcomes. The present research …

The concept of impulsivity covers a wide range of” actions that are poorly conceived,
prematurely expressed, unduly risky, or inappropriate to the situation and that often result in …

In this study, children, young adults, and older adults chose between immediate and
delayed hypothetical monetary rewards The amount of the delayed reward was held …

Progress toward understanding human behavior has been hindered by discipline-bound
theories, dividing our efforts. Fortunately, these separate endeavors are converging and can …

The aim of the third edition of this book is... to provide a lucid introduction to contemporary
phenomena and theories about learning and behavior. The book strives to present a …

The present paper addresses the question of the form of the mathematical relation between
the time until a delayed reward and its present value. Data are presented from an …

Extensive research with animals and humans indicates that rewarded effort contributes to
durable individual differences in industriousness. It is proposed that reinforcement for …

Normative economic models assume that delay-discounting rates for future rewards are
independent of the amount of, and delay to, a reward. These assumptions were tested in 3 …

The tendency to choose a larger, more delayed reinforcer over a smaller, less delayed one
has frequently been termed “selfcontrol.” Three very different research traditions–two models …

Originally published in 1988, the purpose of this title was to present a coherent summary of
the previous 30 years' of research on the way in which animals and humans distribute their …