Directed evolution has revolutionized biomolecular engineering by applying cycles of
mutation, amplification and selection to genes of interest (GOIs). However, classical directed …

Fluorophores have transformed the way we study biological systems, enabling non-invasive
studies in cells and intact organisms, which increase our understanding of complex …

Protein engineering often targets binding pockets or active sites which are enriched in
epistasis—nonadditive interactions between amino acid substitutions—and where the …

Volatile methylsiloxanes (VMS) are man-made, nonbiodegradable chemicals produced at a
megaton-per-year scale, which leads to concern over their potential for environmental …

Covering: 2015 to 2020 Nitrogen heterocyclic natural products (NHNPs) are primary or
secondary metabolites containing nitrogen heterocyclic (N-heterocyclic) skeletons. Due to …

The standard proteinogenic amino acids grant access to a myriad of chemistries that
harmonize to create life. Outside of these twenty canonical protein building blocks are …

Enzyme orthologs sharing identical primary functions can have different promiscuous
activities. While it is possible to mine this natural diversity to obtain useful biocatalysts …

Enzymes exercise impeccable control over chemoselectivity, site selectivity and
stereoselectivity in reactions they mediate, such that we have witnessed a surge in the …

Chemical reactions in water underpin the very existence of life. But to synthetic chemists,
water is usually considered an enemy, lurking in the shadows, waiting to reduce yields and …

Tryptophan synthase (TrpS) has emerged as a paragon of noncanonical amino acid (ncAA)
synthesis and is an ideal biocatalyst for synthetic and biological applications. TrpS catalyzes …