Natural products have served as powerful therapeutics against pathogenic bacteria since
the golden age of antibiotics of the mid-20th century. However, the increasing frequency of …

Macrolides represent a large family of protein synthesis inhibitors of great clinical interest
due to their applicability to human medicine. Macrolides are composed of a macrocyclic …

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains pose a serious treatment problem
because of their multi-drug resistance (MDR). In staphylococcal strains, resistance to …

Antibiotic resistance continues to plague antimicrobial chemotherapy of infectious disease.
And while true biocide resistance is as yet unrealized, in vitro and in vivo episodes of …

Antibiotic resistance continues to hamper antimicrobial chemotherapy of infectious disease,
and while biocide resistance outside of the laboratory is as yet unrealized, in vitro and in …

Macrolide resistance mechanisms can be target-based with a change in a 23S ribosomal
RNA (rRNA) residue or a mutation in ribosomal protein L4 or L22 affecting the ribosome's …

Antibiotic resistance can be acquired by mutation or horizontal transfer of a resistance gene,
and generally an acquired mechanism results in a predictable increase in phenotypic …

This Minireview summarizes the changes in the field of bacterial resistance to macrolide,
lincosamide, streptogramin, ketolide, and oxazolidinone (MLSKO) antibiotics since the …

From its introduction in 1952 onwards, the clinical use of macrolides has been steadily
increasing, both in human and veterinary medicine. Although initially designed to the …

Despite azithromycin being used in some countries to treat infections caused by Gram-
negative pathogens, no resistance breakpoint for Escherichia coli exists. The aim of this …