Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been extensively used during the last two decades,
either as effective bio-imaging contrast agents or as carriers of biomolecules such as drugs …

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (magnetite and maghemite) are intensively studied due to
their broad potential applications in medical and biological sciences. Their unique …

Divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) is a H+-coupled metal-ion transporter that plays
essential roles in iron homeostasis. DMT1 exhibits reactivity (based on evoked currents) with …

The widespread occurrence of cadmium in the environment continues to pose a threat to
human health despite attempts at limiting its technological uses. The biologically significant …

Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal that is pivotal for normal cell function and
metabolism. Its homeostasis is tightly regulated; however, the mechanisms of Mn …

Zinc, iron, and manganese are essential trace elements that serve as catalytic or structural
components of larger molecules that are indispensable for life. The three metal ions possess …

Human exposure to neurotoxic metals is a global public health problem. Metals which cause
neurological toxicity, such as lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn), are of particular concern due …

Iron (Fe) deficiency is considered as the most common nutritional deficiency. Iron deficiency
is usually associated with low Fe intake, blood loss, diseases, poor absorption …

Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal found in all tissues, and it is required for normal
amino acid, lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism. While Mn deficiency is extremely …

Chronic exposure to cadmium causes preferential accumulation of cadmium in the kidney,
leading to nephrotoxicity. In the process of renal cadmium accumulation, the cadmium …